The world bank has long supported developing countries in reforming their inwardoriented trade and regulatory policies to an outward. An export processing zone also may be called a free trade or special enterprise zone and may offer incentives for other businesses in addition to exporters. This note focuses on export processing zones as potential, useful tools in export promotion, and, outlines the general features, and objectives of. The first phase of the method is a labour force survey on employment. An export processing zone epz is one of the various export policy instruments studied by the division. The international labor organization estimates that worldwide there are over 2,700 epzs employing more than 63 million individuals appendix a. The model assumes that aggregate pollution is regulated by a quota so as to maximize. Export processing zone epz special industrial park developed in response to international market demand for cheaper goods. Export processing zones are potentially useful tools for export promotion.
Free zones are intended to foster economic activity and employment that could occur elsewhere. Pdf export processing zones and environmental policy. Enhancing the contribution of export processing zones to the sustainable development goals ii key messages this exploratory report suggests that changes taking place in the global market mean that export processing zones epzs, and special economic zones sezs more generally, can be restructured. Special economic zones in the global economy since the 1960s, sezs, also known as free trade zones or export processing zones, depending on the details of their regulations, have. Export processing zones epzs in their traditional form fencedin industrial parks where exportoriented investors enjoy free port status emerged in the period 195075 and first. In this paper, we consider the impact of establishing export processing zones on environmental policy. Export processing zones in cuba in a bid to attract foreign investment and increase exports, the government of cuba inaugurated two export processing zones epzs in the. Abstract attempts in africa to use export processing. As a policy means of achieving greater economic openness and growth, the concept of exportprocessing zones epz has gained noticeable significance. The expansion of export processing zones across the world has posed the challenge of reversing the race to the bottom with regards to the respect of ilo standards in the zones.
This paper studies export processing zones epzs which have become increasingly popular as a policy tool for. Export processing zones proliferated in the late 20th century. An assessment of the impact of export processing zones and. The impacts of special economic zones evans school of. Whereas it is expedient to make provision for the establishment of the. Donor policy and assistance in relation to export processing zones. Type of free trade zone ftz, set up generally in developing countries by their governments to promote industrial and commercial exports. Wepza is an association of leading practitioners, government officials, consultants, and academics engaged in evaluating, developing, promoting, and improving special economic zones sezs, free ports, free zones and export processing zones globally.
Interpretation part ii establishment of export processing zones appraisal committee 3. Export processing zones epzs, also called free trade zones, are one of the most common instruments of industrial policy in developed and developing countries. Bangladesh export processing zones authority annual report 20112012 part01 download annual report 20112012 part01. The model assumes that aggregate pollution is regulated by a quota so as to maximize domestic.
An assessment of the impact of export processing zones. Declaration of export processing zones the minister may, on the recommendations of the committee, for the purpose of attracting, promoting or increasing the manufacture of export products or with the object of promoting economic development generally, by notice published. Special economic zones in the global economy since the 1960s, sezs, also known as free trade zones or export processing zones, depending on the details of their regulations, have grown rapidly in asia, latin america, the caribbean, and africa. Export processing zones are areas within a city or country where mostly foreign businesses get tax incentives to export goods. Export processing zones export processing zones an explanation of export processing zones epzs and how exporters can utilize them. While in 1970 only a handful of countries permitted a zone, a.
Workshop on organizing in the export processing zones which brought. The conclusions of the workshop on organizing in export processing zones epzs organized jointly by the international trade union confederation ituc and the ilo bureau for workers. Declaration of export processing zones the minister may, on the recommendations of the. This note focuses on export processing zones as potential, useful tools in export promotion, and, outlines the general features, and objectives of these zones, highlighting country experiences, and offering policy recommendations for establishing them. The manifest objectives of epzs are to attract foreign. Complete document available on olis in its original format. Prepared fortanvir ahmad torophderlecturerdepartment of business administrationleading.
In china, for example, the unctad figures include seven zones, of which five are the most open special economic zones. Given our emphasis on export processing zones, this is not really a disadvantage, since with the exception of one other urban area antsirabe these have been instituted only in the capital. While in 1970 only a handful of countries permitted a zone, a recent oecd publication 1996, places the total number of zones at 500 located in 73 countries. You then use gendata import file processing to create new. Some users are ok with this workflow, however, some photographers would like to export the files to pdf and have more control of the output.
Export processing zones world bank documents world bank group. To foster development, however, zones must be set up properly, managed well, and integrated with other reforms. Some of the first free trade zones allowed imports and exports free from custom formalities so that goods could be reexported quickly. The export processing zones authority ordinance, 1980. According to the world bank, an export processing zone is an. Export processing zones epzs in their traditional form fencedin industrial parks where export oriented investors enjoy free port status emerged in the period 195075 and first became widely adopted between 197585. An export processing zone epz is a specific type of ftz usually set up in developing countries by their governments to promote industrial and commercial exports. In recent years, there has been growing interest in epzs, particularly among low. The world bank has long supported developing countries in reforming their inwardoriented trade and regulatory policies to an outwardoriented direction and in improving the international competitiveness of their industries. Establishment of the nigeria export processing zones 1 the president may from time to time, by order, upon the recommendation of the nigeria export processing zones authority. A universal feature of all such zones is dutyfree importation of intermediate goods, provided the output.
Export processing zones epz are spatially delimited areas in which manufacturers produce goods that are largely aimed for export markets. Export processing zone expansion in an african country. The use of export processing zones epz in the title refers to export processing zones which broadly. The global trade and investment context from which. Pdf export processing zones epz are spatially delimited areas in which manufacturers produce goods that are largely aimed for export. An act to amend the export processing zones act, to make provisions for the establishment of the export processing zones authority, composition of the export processing zones council and related matters. Establishment or declaration of export processing zones. The world bank has long supported developing countries in reforming their inwardoriented trade and regulatory. Promotion of export processing zonesin which usually foreign companies enjoy tax holidays, and exemptions from import duties and taxes and other benefitsis one way in which many. Export processing zones often relating closely to general concerns about globalization and labor is the practice of granting certain kinds of tax and other regulatory exemptions to international investors through export processing zones epzs.
Annual report 20112012 part02 download annual report 20112012 part02 download. The international labor organization estimates that worldwide there are over 2,700 epzs employing more than 63. Geneva ilo news as global competition for jobs and foreign investment intensifies, export processing zones epzs are proliferating worldwide, growing from just a handful a few decades ago to over 850 today, according to a new report 1 published by the international labour office. Policy on development of special economic zones in south. In recent years, there has been growing interest in epzs, particularly among lowincome developing countries, as a tool for helping them overcome their inability to generate an outward supply response and to provide immediate employment, as. You can use the html5 todataurl method of canvas in order to. The export processing zones in india came into existence soon after the political independence, when india proclaimed the first industrial policy revolution in the year 1948. I no person shall don on entering a unless he is the holder of a licence granted by the agentinto, residing, g conduct. Export processing zones epzs have become rather popular trade policy instruments since their modern revival in the late 1950s. Enacted by the parliament ofthe united republic oftallzlj1ia. Bangladesh export processing zones authority for creation, development, operation, management and control of export processing zones and for matters connected therewith. You then use gendata import file processing to create new recipient batch, newtrn, na, and pol files.
Export processing zones are used extensively throughout the world. It was from then that the actual industrial growth begun in india, which resulted in the constitution of the export processing zones later. The adoption of exportled growth strategies by developing countries is directly responsible for the considerable expansion of export processing zones epzs in. Pdf file so i can modify it in adobe irritator later. Establishment of the export processing zones appraisal committee. Currently there are more than 3,500 epzs in countries. This information is from a basic guide to exporting provided by the u. Export processing zones authority, benjamin william mkapa sez,mabibo, external p. Objects and purposes of establishment of export processing zones. An act for the establishment of the bangladesh export processing. The manifest objectives of epzs are to attract foreign capital investment and mobilise investment for capital formation for rapid industrialisation, to create employment opportunities for the countrys manpower, to induce transfer of technology, and to earn foreign.
Wepza is an association of leading practitioners, government officials, consultants, and academics engaged in evaluating, developing, promoting, and improving special economic. Abstract attempts in africa to use export processing zones epz as an instrument for economic development, with the exception of mauritius, have been less successful then in countries in east asia, central america, and the caribbean basin. The notion of the epz may have originated from free trade zones established in major ports such as hong kong, gibraltar, and singapore during the nineteenth century. You create new transactions using documaker desktop and then use the file, complete, export file option to create the export file. Customs export processing zones rules, 1981 contents page short titl, extent and commencement. The global trade and investment context from which assemblybased epzs emerged has changed significantly in recent years, yet the number of zones continues to expand. The number seems to include only export processing zones which would. In addition to providing the benefits of a ftz, these zones offer other incentives such as exemptions from certain taxes and business regulations. The number seems to include only export processing zones which would appear to correspond to free ports or zone areas with the processing of goods. These files can be printed, archived, or both using the genprint and genarc programs. An export processing zone epz is a customs area where one is allowed to import plant, machinery, equipment and material for the.
An act to amend the export processing zones act, to make provisions for the establishment of the export processing zones authority, composition of the export processing zones council. Peter warr and jayant menon asian development bank. Despite their proliferation and spread across all countries in the world, there is. Mar 31, 2020 an export processing zone also may be called a free trade or special enterprise zone and may offer incentives for other businesses in addition to exporters. Recent research documents these violations in the dominican republic.
The export processing zones act, 2002 arrangement of sections section title part i preliminary provisions 1. Export processing zone corporation is the uninterrupted legitimate successor of the export processing zone authority. Epzs are particularly numerous in asia and along the usmexico border. Export processing zones in india was set up by the government of india with the aim to initiate infrastructural development and tax holidays in various industrial sectors in the country. Often relating closely to general concerns about globalization and labor is the practice of granting certain kinds of tax and other regulatory exemptions to international.
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